State the Pauli exclusion principle for electrons in an atom.

List the four quantum numbers used to label an electron in an atom.

Why can a \(1s\) orbital hold only two electrons?

Two electrons occupy the same spatial orbital. What must be true about their spin quantum numbers?

What is the maximum number of electrons in a shell with principal quantum number \(n\)?

How many electrons can fit in the \(n=2\) shell?

How many electrons can fit in the \(n=3\) shell?

How many electrons can a \(p\) subshell hold?

How many electrons can a \(d\) subshell hold?

Can two electrons in one atom both have \(n=2\), \(\ell=1\), \(m_\ell=0\), and \(m_s=+1/2\)?

What kind of particles does the Pauli exclusion principle apply to?

Why does the Pauli exclusion principle help explain the periodic table?

For fixed \(n\), \(\ell\), and \(m_\ell\), how many electrons are allowed?

What is the electron capacity of a subshell with orbital quantum number \(\ell\)?

Use the exclusion principle to explain why a single orbital has capacity 2.

Why is the helium ground-state configuration \(1s^2\) allowed?

Why does the third electron in lithium enter a \(2s\) orbital rather than the \(1s\) orbital?

What is the difference between the Pauli exclusion principle and Hund's rule?

How does the Pauli exclusion principle affect dense matter?

Derive the \(2n^2\) shell capacity from state counting.