Define nuclear binding energy.

Define mass defect and write its relation to binding energy.

A nucleus has mass defect \(0.0250\,\mathrm u\). Find its binding energy in MeV.

A nucleus has total binding energy \(160\,\mathrm{MeV}\) and \(A=20\). Find \(B/A\).

Why is binding energy per nucleon more useful than total binding energy when comparing nuclei?

Using atomic masses, write the mass defect for \(^{A}_{Z}X\) in terms of hydrogen atom mass, neutron mass, and atomic mass.

Calculate the binding energy of \(^{4}\mathrm{He}\) using \(m_{\mathrm H}=1.007825\,\mathrm u\), \(m_n=1.008665\,\mathrm u\), and atomic mass \(4.002603\,\mathrm u\).

Using the previous helium-4 binding energy \(28.3\,\mathrm{MeV}\), find its binding energy per nucleon.

A reaction increases total binding energy from \(180\,\mathrm{MeV}\) to \(190\,\mathrm{MeV}\). What energy is released?

Explain why a bound nucleus has less mass than its separated nucleons.

Convert \(5.0\,\mathrm{MeV}\) to joules.

A nucleus has \(Z=6\), \(N=6\), separated nucleon mass \(12.09894\,\mathrm u\), and nuclear mass \(12.00000\,\mathrm u\). Find \(B\).

In a graph of \(B/A\) against \(A\), why do fission and fusion both release energy in different regions?

Why must electron masses be handled carefully when using atomic masses for binding energy?

A nucleus has \(B/A=7.5\,\mathrm{MeV}\) and \(A=40\). Find its mass defect in atomic mass units.

A nucleus forms from separated nucleons and emits a \(2.0\,\mathrm{MeV}\) gamma ray. What mass change corresponds to the emitted energy?

Two possible products have the same \(A\), but product 1 has larger binding energy. Which product has smaller rest mass, and why?

Derive \(Q=B_f-B_i\) for a nuclear reaction involving the same total number of protons and neutrons before and after.

A proposed bound nucleus has calculated \(\Delta m<0\). Interpret the result.

Prove that energy release in a nuclear reaction corresponds to a decrease in total rest mass, not a loss of total energy.