State two conservation rules that must hold in a nuclear reaction equation.

Write the Q-value formula in terms of initial and final total rest masses.

A reaction has \(m_i-m_f=0.0060\,\mathrm u\). Find \(Q\) in MeV.

Balance \(^{14}_{7}\mathrm N+^{4}_{2}\mathrm{He}\to ^{17}_{8}\mathrm O+?\).

Balance \(^{9}_{4}\mathrm{Be}+^{4}_{2}\mathrm{He}\to ^{12}_{6}\mathrm C+?\).

If \(Q=3.0\,\mathrm{MeV}\) and initial kinetic energy is \(2.0\,\mathrm{MeV}\), what is the final total kinetic energy, ignoring excitation and photons?

What does a negative Q-value mean for a nuclear reaction?

Why is the lab-frame threshold kinetic energy for an endothermic reaction greater than \(|Q|\)?

For a reaction with the target initially at rest, state the nonrelativistic threshold formula for \(a+A\to b+B\) with \(Q<0\).

An endothermic reaction has \(Q=-2.0\,\mathrm{MeV}\), projectile mass \(m_a=4u\), and target mass \(m_A=16u\). Estimate threshold kinetic energy.

Explain why atomic masses can often be used directly in Q-value calculations.

A reaction emits a gamma photon after forming an excited product. How does excitation energy affect kinetic energy of products?

A two-body reaction at rest releases energy \(Q\). Which product gets more kinetic energy: the lighter or heavier product?

Derive the kinetic-energy split for a two-body decay at rest with product masses \(m_1\) and \(m_2\) and total kinetic energy \(Q\).

Why must momentum conservation be considered even when a Q-value calculation only uses masses?

A reaction is written with total \(A\) balanced but total \(Z\) not balanced. Can it be correct if a neutrino is added?

A nuclear reaction has \(Q=0\). Does that mean no kinetic energy changes are possible?

Why can a neutron induce reactions in nuclei at lower kinetic energies than a charged particle often can?

Construct the missing particle in \(^{27}_{13}\mathrm{Al}+^{1}_{0}\mathrm n\to ^{24}_{11}\mathrm{Na}+\alpha+?\).

Prove that for a reaction with no photon or excitation energy, \(Q=K_f-K_i\).